As we reported here, California’s Senate Bill (S.B.) 399, took effect on January 1, 2025. This law prohibits employers from requiring employees to attend meetings about the company’s opinions on political or religious matters, including discussions about unionization. California joins almost a dozen other states, including Illinois, New York, and Oregon, in enacting union-backed statutes that prohibit so-called “captive audience” meetings.

The Teamsters Union openly boasts that they “secured” the legislation and “spearheaded the multi-union coalition that made this victory possible.”  State Senator Aisha Wahab (Dem.- Sen. Dist. 10) who authored the bill received the bulk of contributions to her 2022 election campaign from public and private unions, as shown here.

The California Chamber of Commerce and the California Restaurant Association (the “plaintiffs”) filed suit in federal court seeking to block enforcement of S.B. 399.  The lawsuit charges that S.B. 399 infringes upon employers’ rights to free speech and equal protection under the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution.  The plaintiffs contend that the law discriminates against employers’ viewpoints on political matters, unlawfully regulates the content of employers’ communications with their employees, and chills employer speech.  You can read the entire complaint here.

Plaintiffs also argue that S.B. 399 is preempted by National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”), which protects employer free speech. Notably, just a few months ago, the National Labor Relations Board (the “Board”) overturned decades of precedent by finding that requiring employees “to attend a meeting at which the employer expresses its views on unionization” violates the NLRA. However, this ruling and its applicability to state-sponsored “captive audience” meetings ban laws may be short-lived when President Trump tilts the Board back to a Republican majority in the near future. More information on the NLRB’s decision here

If the plaintiffs are successful in their lawsuit, S.B. 399 may be blocked from enforcement but employers will need to wait to see how the court views the case. We will continue to track the legal challenge to S.B. 399.

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Photo of Mark Theodore Mark Theodore

Mark Theodore is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department. He has devoted his practice almost exclusively to representing management in all aspects of traditional labor law matters throughout the U.S. He is Co-Chair of Proskauer’s Labor-Management and Collective Bargaining Practice…

Mark Theodore is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department. He has devoted his practice almost exclusively to representing management in all aspects of traditional labor law matters throughout the U.S. He is Co-Chair of Proskauer’s Labor-Management and Collective Bargaining Practice Group.

Some recent highlights of his career include:

  • Successfully defended client against allegations that it had terminated a union supporter and isolated another. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 365 NLRB No. 15 (2017).
  • Successfully appealed NLRB findings that certain of client’s written policies violated the National Labor Relations Actions Act.  T-Mobile USA, Inc., 363 NLRB No. 171 (2016), enf’d in part, rev’d in part 865 F.3d 265 (5th Cir. 2017).
  • Represented major utility in NLRB proceedings related to organizing of planners.  Secured utility-wide bargaining unit. Bargained on behalf of grocery chain.  After negotiations reached an impasse, guided the company through lawful implementation of five year collective bargaining agreement.
  • Coordinated employer response in numerous strike situations including a work stoppage across 14 western states of the client’s operations.

Mark has extensive experience representing employers in all matters before the NLRB, including representation petitions, jurisdictional disputes and the handling of unfair labor practice charges from the date they are filed through trial and appeal. Mark has acted as lead negotiator for dozens of major companies in a variety of industries, including national, multi-unit, multi-location, multi-employer and multi-union bargaining. Mark has handled lockout and strike situations, coordinating the clients efforts.

In addition, Mark has handled hundreds of arbitrations involving virtually every area of dispute, including contract interest arbitration, contract interpretation, just cause termination/discipline, benefits, pay rates, and hours of work.

Photo of Tony Oncidi Tony Oncidi

Anthony J. Oncidi is the Co-Chair Emeritus of the Labor & Employment Law Department and heads the West Coast Labor & Employment group in the firm’s Los Angeles office.

Tony represents employers and management in all aspects of labor relations and employment law…

Anthony J. Oncidi is the Co-Chair Emeritus of the Labor & Employment Law Department and heads the West Coast Labor & Employment group in the firm’s Los Angeles office.

Tony represents employers and management in all aspects of labor relations and employment law, including litigation and preventive counseling, wage and hour matters, including class actions, wrongful termination, employee discipline, Title VII and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, executive employment contract disputes, sexual harassment training and investigations, workplace violence, drug testing and privacy issues, Sarbanes-Oxley claims and employee raiding and trade secret protection. A substantial portion of Tony’s practice involves the defense of employers in large class actions, employment discrimination, harassment and wrongful termination litigation in state and federal court as well as arbitration proceedings, including FINRA matters.

Tony is recognized as a leading lawyer by such highly respected publications and organizations as the Los Angeles Daily JournalThe Hollywood Reporter, and Chambers USA, which gives him the highest possible rating (“Band 1”) for Labor & Employment.  According to Chambers USA, clients say Tony is “brilliant at what he does… He is even keeled, has a high emotional IQ, is a great legal writer and orator, and never gives up.” Other clients report:  “Tony has an outstanding reputation” and he is “smart, cost effective and appropriately aggressive.” Tony is hailed as “outstanding,” particularly for his “ability to merge top-shelf lawyerly advice with pragmatic business acumen.” He is highly respected in the industry, with other commentators lauding him as a “phenomenal strategist” and “one of the top employment litigators in the country.”

“Tony is the author of the treatise titled Employment Discrimination Depositions (Juris Pub’g 2020; www.jurispub.com), co-author of Proskauer on Privacy (PLI 2020), and, since 1990, has been a regular columnist for the official publication of the Labor and Employment Law Section of the State Bar of California and the Los Angeles Daily Journal.

Tony has been a featured guest on Fox 11 News and CBS News in Los Angeles. He has been interviewed and quoted by leading national media outlets such as The National Law JournalBloomberg News, The New York Times, and Newsweek and Time magazines. Tony is a frequent speaker on employment law topics for large and small groups of employers and their counsel, including the Society for Human Resource Management (“SHRM”), PIHRA, the National CLE Conference, National Business Institute, the Employment Round Table of Southern California (Board Member), the Council on Education in Management, the Institute for Corporate Counsel, the State Bar of California, the California Continuing Education of the Bar Program and the Los Angeles and Beverly Hills Bar Associations. He has testified as an expert witness regarding wage and hour issues as well as the California Fair Employment and Housing Act and has served as a faculty member of the National Employment Law Institute. He has served as an arbitrator in an employment discrimination matter.

Tony is an appointed Hearing Examiner for the Los Angeles Police Commission Board of Rights and has served as an Adjunct Professor of Law and a guest lecturer at USC Law School and a guest lecturer at UCLA Law School.

Photo of Sehreen Ladak Sehreen Ladak

Sehreen Ladak is an associate in the Labor & Employment Department. She represents clients in a wide range of employment matters, including state and federal litigation, arbitration, and class actions on wage and hour, discrimination, harassment, and retaliation claims. Sehreen has experience managing…

Sehreen Ladak is an associate in the Labor & Employment Department. She represents clients in a wide range of employment matters, including state and federal litigation, arbitration, and class actions on wage and hour, discrimination, harassment, and retaliation claims. Sehreen has experience managing every aspect of litigation, including taking and defending depositions, arguing discovery and dispositive motions, and leading trials and labor arbitrations.

Sehreen also advises clients on various employment issues, including wage and hour compliance, onboarding procedures, employment and separation agreements, handbooks, and workplace accommodations.

In addition, Sehreen has experience in evaluating labor and employment issues in connection with corporate transactions and partners with her colleagues in corporate and executive benefits departments to provide the highest level of service. She also regularly leads employee trainings on workplace conduct and has been published in trade journals on a variety of employment law topics.

Sehreen’s clients come from a broad spectrum of industries, such as transportation, entertainment, healthcare, financial services, and retail. She leverages her experience to provide highly efficient, yet thoughtfully bespoke solutions to address her clients’ unique needs.

During law school at USC, Sehreen was the Southern California Review of Law and Social Justice’sExecutive Submissions Editor and served as a judicial extern for an administrative judge at the E.E.O.C.

Sehreen was selected to be a Protégée for Proskauer’s Women Sponsorship Program, an initiative for high performing midlevel lawyers that champions emerging leaders. She also serves as a member of the Firm’s Associate Council and Asian Lawyer Affinity Group.